rails: 邮件发送/mail

使用 rails 发送邮件，QQ企业邮箱，aliyun 邮箱

背景

很多系统需要通知，邮件是个不错的选择
测试 qq 企业邮箱

测试端口

QQ企业邮箱
aliyun 企业邮箱

nc -zv smtp.exmail.qq.com 465
nc -zv smtp.exmail.qq.com 587

这样表示通了

rails-smtp-mail on 🌱 main [!] via 💎 v3.3.6
$ nc -zv smtp.exmail.qq.com 465
Connection to smtp.exmail.qq.com port 465 [tcp/urd] succeeded!

rails-smtp-mail on 🌱 main [!] via 💎 v3.3.6
$ nc -zv smtp.exmail.qq.com 587
Connection to smtp.exmail.qq.com port 587 [tcp/submission] succeeded!

最小化测试代码

require 'net/smtp'

# smtp.exmail.qq.com(使用SSL，端口号465)
# 测试 SMTP 连接
smtp_settings = {
  address: 'smtp.exmail.qq.com',
  port: 465,
  user_name: 'admin@52doc.com',
  password: 'abc123',
  authentication: 'plain',
  domain: '52doc.com'
}

begin
  smtp = Net::SMTP.new(smtp_settings[:address], smtp_settings[:port])
  smtp.enable_ssl  # 明确启用 SSL
  smtp.start(smtp_settings[:domain],
             smtp_settings[:user_name],
             smtp_settings[:password],
             smtp_settings[:authentication]) do |smtp_conn|
    puts "SMTP connection successful!"
  end
rescue => e
  puts "SMTP connection failed: #{e.message}"
  puts "Backtrace: #{e.backtrace.first(5)}"
end

Rails 配置

./config/application.rb

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
  address: 'smtp.exmail.qq.com',
  port: 587,
  user_name: 'admin@52doc.com',
  password: ENV['SMTP_PASSWORD'],
  authentication: 'plain',
  enable_starttls_auto: true  # 端口 587 使用 STARTTLS
}

# 生成测试 mail
rails generate mailer UserMailer welcome_email

# mail 内容
class UserMailer < ApplicationMailer
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.user_mailer.welcome_email.subject
  #
  def welcome_email
    @greeting = "Hi"

    mail to: "1290657123@qq.com", subject: "Welcome to our website"
  end
end